How do you improve at any sport? You train, train, train.
But how you train is just as important as how much. Armed with the science of exercise physiology, todays olympic|class coaches design sophisticated programs for their athletes.
A muscle is like an engine, and the fuel it runs on is the chemical ATP. Our bodies have three separate systems for creating this fuel however. Exercise physiologists pay close attention to how an athletes ATP is produced.
The phosphocreatine system gives an athlete lots of ATP very fast, but its only good for about ten seconds before it needs to recharge. The second system, called glycolysis, provides a more steady supply, but too much glycolysis can make the muscles inefficient. The third system, called aerobic metabolism, burns fats and sugars to make ATP. Aerobic metabolism is best for long term endurance, but its slow to get going, and, like the other systems, it also runs out of steam.
Olympic trainers take these systems into account. A long| distance runner should use aerobic metabolism for as much of her ATP as possible. To ensure this, shell be tested on a treadmill to measure her threshold of aerobic metabolism. The trainer then develops a training program which will increase it. On the other hand, a weight lifter should use his phosphocreatine system, which provides maximum ATP in short bursts of time. His work| outs will build up the enzymes of this system, as well as build up his muscles.
Thats just one way athletes can get a boost from the science of exercise physiology.
译文：
你如何才能在体育运动方面有所提升呢?你不停地训练。
但你如何训练与训练量的多少同样要紧。以运动生理学为指导，今天奥林匹克级别的教练为他们的运动员设计了一系列复杂的程序。
肌肉就像一个引擎，它的燃油是化学物质三磷酸腺苷，大家身体有3个制造这种燃油的独立系统。运动生理学家门密切关注了一个运动员三磷酸腺苷是如何形成的。
磷酸肌酸系统可以飞快的为运动员提供很多三磷酸腺苷，但在第三补给之前，这中物质只能持续大约十秒钟。第二系统，称为醣酵解，可以提供更稳定的提供。但过多的醣酵解会让肌肉效率低下。第三系统，叫做有氧代谢，燃烧脂肪和糖分来制造三磷酸腺苷。有氧代谢有益于长期的耐力练习，但它的反应比较慢，而且就像其他的系统样，它同样会非常快的筋疲力尽。
奥林匹克教练考虑了所有些这类系统。长跑运动员应该尽量的像运用三磷酸腺苷那样来运用有氧代谢。为了确保如此，她将会在跑步机上来测量她的有氧运动的极限。然后教练研发了可以增加有氧代谢的运动程序。其次，举重运动员可以运用磷酸肌酸系统，它可以在较短的爆发时间内提供最大值的三磷酸腺苷。由此将会增加这个系统的酶，也可以重塑他的肌肉。
这就是一个运动员从运动生理学上获得提升的路径之一。
